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}} ''In Utero'' is the third and final studio album by the American rock band Nirvana, released on September 13, 1993, by DGC Records. Nirvana intended the record to diverge significantly from the polished production of its previous album, ''Nevermind'' (1991). To capture a more abrasive and natural sound, the group hired engineer Steve Albini to record ''In Utero'' during a two-week period in February 1993 at Pachyderm Studio in Cannon Falls, Minnesota. The music was recorded quickly with few studio embellishments, and the song lyrics and album packaging incorporated medical imagery that conveyed frontman Kurt Cobain's outlook on his publicized personal life and his band's newfound fame. Soon after recording was completed, rumors circulated in the press that DGC might not release the album in its original state, as the record label felt that the result was not commercially viable. Although Nirvana publicly denied the statements, the group was not fully satisfied with the sound Albini had captured. Albini declined to alter the album further, and ultimately the band hired R.E.M. producer Scott Litt to make minor changes to the album's sound and remix the singles "Heart-Shaped Box" and "All Apologies". Upon release, ''In Utero'' entered the ''Billboard'' 200 chart at number one and received critical acclaim as a drastic departure from ''Nevermind''. The record has been certified five times platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America, and has sold 15 million copies worldwide.〔(Nirvana: 20 Things You Didn't Know About 'In Utero' ) ''NME''. dated September 10, 2013. Retrieved September 14, 2013.〕 ==Background== Nirvana broke into the musical mainstream with its major label debut, ''Nevermind'', in 1991. Despite modest sales estimates—the band's record company, DGC Records, forecast that 50,000 copies would be sold〔Cross, 2001. p. 193〕—''Nevermind'' became a huge commercial success, selling millions of copies and popularizing the Seattle grunge movement and alternative rock in general.〔Olsen, Eric. "(10 years later, Cobain lives on in his music )". MSNBC. April 9, 2004. Retrieved July 5, 2007.〕 However, all three members of Nirvana—singer and guitarist Kurt Cobain, bassist Krist Novoselic, and drummer Dave Grohl—later expressed dissatisfaction with the sound of the album, citing its production as too polished.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 70〕 Early in 1992, Cobain told ''Rolling Stone'' that he was sure that the band's next album would showcase "both of the extremes" of its sound, saying "it'll be more raw with some songs and more candy pop on some of the others. It won't be as one-dimensional (''Nevermind'' )".〔Azerrad, Michael. "Inside the Heart and Mind of Nirvana". ''Rolling Stone''. April 16, 1992.〕 Cobain wanted to start work on the album in the summer of 1992. However, the band was unable to since Cobain and his bandmates lived in different cities, and the singer and his wife Courtney Love were expecting the birth of their daughter Frances Bean.〔Azerrad, 1994. p. 312〕 DGC had hoped to have a new album by the band ready for a late 1992 holiday season release; since work on it proceeded slowly, the label released the compilation album ''Incesticide'' in December 1992.〔Gaar, Gillian G. "Verse Chorus Verse: The Recording History of Nirvana". ''Goldmine''. February 14, 1997.〕 In a ''Melody Maker'' interview published in July 1992, Cobain told the English journalist Everett True he was interested in recording with Jack Endino (who had produced the group's 1989 debut album ''Bleach'') and Steve Albini (former frontman of the noise rock band Big Black and producer for various indie releases). Cobain said he would then choose the best material from the sessions for inclusion on the group's next album.〔True, Everett. "Nirvana: Crucified By Success?" ''Melody Maker''. July 25, 1992.〕 In October 1992, Nirvana recorded several songs (mainly as instrumentals) during a demo session with Endino in Seattle; many of these songs would later be re-recorded for ''In Utero''.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 17〕 Endino recalled that the band did not ask him to produce its next record, but noted that the band members constantly debated working with Albini.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 21–22〕 The group recorded another set of demos while on tour in Brazil in January 1993.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 23〕 One of the recordings from this session, the long improvisational track "Gallons of Rubbing Alcohol Flow Through the Strip", was included as a hidden track on non-US copies of ''In Utero''.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 29–30〕 Nirvana ultimately chose Albini to record its third album.〔Stephen Thomas Erlewine, In Utero review, Allmusic. ." Inspired by those albums, Cobain wanted to utilize Albini's technique of capturing the natural ambiance of a room via the usage and placement of several microphones, something previous Nirvana producers had been averse to trying.〔DeRogatis, 2003. p. 5–6〕 Months before the trio had even approached Albini about the recording, rumors circulated that he was slated to record the album. Albini sent a disclaimer to the British music press denying involvement, only to get a call from Nirvana's management a few days later about the project.〔Azerrad, 1994. p. 313〕 Although he considered the group to be "R.E.M. with a fuzzbox" and "an unremarkable version of the Seattle sound", Albini told Nirvana biographer Michael Azerrad he accepted because he felt sorry for the band members, whom he perceived to be "the same sort of people as all the small-fry bands I deal with", at the mercy of their record company.〔Azerrad, 1994. p. 314〕 Before the start of recording sessions, the band sent Albini a tape of the demos it had made in Brazil. In return, Albini sent Cobain a copy of the PJ Harvey album ''Rid of Me'' to give him an idea of the acoustics at the studio where they would record.〔Gaar, 2006. p. 39〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「In Utero (album)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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